America saw the loss of 260,000 of her sons in the Civil War. The number one killer was not the bullet, but rather disease. Illness accounted for sixty percent of all Union fatalities and sixty-seven percent of all deaths among Southern troops. The role played by unsanitary conditions, poor hygienic practices, and bacterial infections- all of which could be interrelated- should not be understressed. However, poor diets and inadequate nutrition, which were just as prevalent as disease among the men, had a strong correlation to much sickness during the war. As Civil War historian William C. Davis wrote, “[n]o one completely escaped the rotten meat, the worm-infested bread, the illness from want of fruits and vegetables, or the utter absence of even the basic principles of nutrition and a balanced diet.”
Civil War nutrition has been a topic that many authors have flirted with but never really delved into in any great depth. The subject earns some recognition n Richard Cummings’ 1940 work American and His Food, but only briefly. Richard Hooker’s Food and Drink in America: A History, released in 1981, treats the topic with no more importance that Cummings- simply a chapter in a chronological account of America’s eating habits. In Hardtack and Homefries: An Uncommon History of American Cooks and Meals, Barbara Haber only discusses hospital nutrition during the war. Soldiers’ diets receive more attention in Mary Gillett’s Army Medical Department: 1818-1865, the middle piece of a three-volume work. Gillett relates inadequate nutrition to the poor health of the soldiers but gives the subject more passing mention in a medical rather than nutritional account.
Congratulations! If you are reading this book, you are taking your first step toward healthier living. There are many ways you can improve your health and fitness. You can exercise, you can meditate, you can diet or you can combine all three and then some.
Drawing on the Indonesian experience in 1997, this paper demonstrates the complexity of managing banking crises deals. It aims at deriving conclusions from this experience for other developing countries facing similar problems. The paper also refers to comparative experiences of other countries, in particular Malaysia and Thailand, examines the IMF programme and reveals its shortcomings.
The key question is to what extent the ineffectiveness and slow progress of bank restructuring, corporate restructuring and continued dilemmas in macroeconomic management in Indonesia were due to shortcomings of the economic programme, its sequencing or emphasis, and to what extent it has to be attributed other factors, including corruption and lack of policy-making capacity.
