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Ebook Towards a Closing of the Gender Pay Gap Country Report United Kingdom

... gender equality measures 2.2 UK Wage formation systems 2.2.1 Trade unions, employer's confederate organisations, private ... the role of unions, and the pay system 3.3 UK Engineering professionals 3.3.1 General comments on engineering, the labour ...

Story - wulan - 06/07/2010 - 07:18 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook Blind channel estimation using redundant precoding : new algorithms, analysis, and theory

... have played an important role in channel equalization and estimation in communication systems. While channel equalization and estimation are usually done by ... : new algorithms, analysis, and theory (Engineering) ...

Story - antoq - 09/30/2010 - 08:40 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook An Empirical Study on Short-Term Investment effect by Private Equity Fund

... effect from February 4th, 2009 and the need to maintain systems for private equity M&A fund is growing. Considering that, M&A ... current big M&A deals in the market such as Hyundai Engineering & Construction and Hynix are highly likely to go through ...

Story - puput - 10/01/2011 - 08:55 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook Chaos control of a fractional order financial system

Nonlinear chaotic systems have attracted more attention of researchers in various fields of ... This is because these systems are rich in dynamics, and possess great sensitivity to initial conditions. Since the chaotic ... paid to the application of fractional calculus in physics, engineering systems, and even financial analysis ([9] and [10]). The fact that ...

Story - puput - 11/09/2010 - 07:04 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook Usability Is Good Business

... Research shows that improving the usability of software systems—including information-technology (IT); e-commerce; “shrink-wrapped” and other commercial software—can be highly cost-effective. The benefits of usability engineering extend beyond improving a system’s user interface (UI) and end ...

Story - antoq - 10/07/2010 - 01:43 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

PDF Ebook Reconstructing Software Architecture Documentation for Maintainability

... is frequently overlooked during the development of new systems in the software industry. The Content Management System (LBCMS) of Lost ... the philosophy of software architecture and requirements engineering. However, most approaches for designing software architecture or ...

Story - antoq - 10/30/2010 - 07:37 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook Purposes of Software Architecture Design

... – Distributed Parallel System Methods 2.3 Domain Engineering Software Architecture Design Methods 2.3.1 The DAGAR Method ... Discussion – General Methods 2.5 Real-time systems 2.5.1 Hierarchical Object Oriented Design Method 2.5.2 Properties ...

Story - antoq - 10/11/2010 - 06:05 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook Business Breakdown Structure For Construction Management And Web-Based Application System

... and Uniclass (CPIC, 1997) in the existing classification systems were examined to verify the adaptability of the classification codes. ... Fisk, 1980) including the regulations and guides, etc. Engineering information classification system (Chang, 2003) is the other ...

Story - wulan - 10/27/2009 - 09:38 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook Computational Model For Heat Transfer In The Human Eye Using The Finite Element Method

... which line the back side of that tissue and the enzyme systems within these cells that control the corneal thickness of the cornea are ... interior of the human eye in vivo is not possible, and the engineering models that have been developed have not included the tissue ...

Story - wulan - 03/19/2010 - 08:45 - 0 comments - 0 attachments

Ebook The Structure of Adjustment Costs in Mainframe Computer Investment

... of organizational knowledge that support the information systems. I identify two classes of activities that support computer implementations. One is engineering activity that produces in house application software and customized ...

Story - wulan - 02/20/2010 - 09:01 - 0 comments - 0 attachments


PDF Ebook Menopause and the Specialization of Labor: An Economic Analysis

Submitted by antoq on Sat, 06/27/2009 - 08:05

A number of studies have sought to explain the evolution of menopause in humans. Williams (1957) suggests that menopause eliminates the risk that a woman dies in childbirth, and by ceasing menses the infertile woman can provide more child care for the existing children. Diamond (1992, 1996) shares the same view, and emphasizes the relation between menopause and the long juvenile dependency period of humans. Rogers (1993) classifies the theories into two categories, the first relating menopause to the mortality of women in childbirth, and the second relating menopause to women’s “opportunity cost of fertility”, referring to activities (such as baby-sitting and guarding) in which women are more capable when not pregnant themselves. Rogers uses empirical human data to show that the first hypothesis is likely to be rejected, but the second hypothesis is compatible with human demography.

It is certainly possible that menopause is non-adaptive, meaning that it simply represents an uncontrolled degenerative loss of homeostasis associated with senescense. If that is the case, then understanding menopause is equivalent to understanding post-reproductive survival. The existence of old-to-young transfers, as shown by Lee (2003), can sustain the survival of sterile old-ages in an evolutionary context, hence such transfers may also provide a non-adaptive explaination for menopause. However, the hypothesis of non-adaptive menopause has been seriously challenged by Diamond (1996) and Sherman (1998) on theoretical grounds, and it is not supported by empirical data. In this paper, we explore a theory of adaptive menopause. A brief look at menopause in non-human species provides a useful background.

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Ebook Nox emission control in gas turbines for combined cycle gas turbine plant

Submitted by antoq on Thu, 11/06/2008 - 02:05

The increase, in recent years, in the size and efficiency of gas turbines burning natural gas in combined cycle has occurred against a background of tightening environmental legislation on the emission of nitrogen oxides. The higher turbine entry temperatures required for efficiency improvement tend to increase NOx production. First-generation emission control systems involved water injection and catalytic reduction and were relatively expensive to operate. Dry low-NOx combustion systems have therefore been developed but demand more primary air for combustion. This gives added incentive to the reduction of air requirements for cooling the combustor and turbine blading. This paper reviews the various approaches adopted by the main gas turbine manufacturers which are achieving very low levels of NOx emission from natural gas combustion. Further developments, however, are necessary for liquid fuels.

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Ebook Regional differences in the diet of the otter (Lutra lutra) in Sweden and Latvia

Submitted by wulan on Wed, 09/09/2009 - 01:36

The otter is a semi-aquatic carnivore that spends a lot of it is active time in the water (Chanin 1993). Thus it is specialized in an aquatic diet with a few terrestrial species included (Heggberget and Moseid 1994). The otter’s diet remains of fish, crayfish, frogs, birds (Erlinge 1971) and mammals (Conroy et al. 2005).

The interest in the otter’s diet has been considerable during a long time and several studies have been conducted. Traditionally three methods have been used to determine what otters eat. One is direct observation of individuals feeding, another is analysis of stomach contents and a third is analysis of spraints (Conroy et al. 2005). A fourth method that has been increasingly used for other species is analysis of stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes. This method gives time-integrated information about feeding relationships and energy flow through food webs (Vander Zanden and Rasmussen 1999). However, I haven’t found any study of stable isotopes that has been applied on otters.

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