For too many decades, through a diaspora of discourses and innumerable voices, we have tried to better mankind through improved curriculum. When the news reports with alarming regularity the murders of children by children, we cannot complacently assert that we have made notable progress. Perhaps for too long we have based our efforts on the wrong concept: the wrong concept of the learning, developing brain. Recent years have seen an increased interest in the role of emotions in many disciplines, but specifically in the field of neuroscience. Neuroscientists, such as Antonio Damasio and Joseph Ledoux, have determined that emotions have a cognitive dimension and are therefore not contrary to, but necessary for rational thought. Neuropsychologists, most notably Daniel Goleman, have explored the psychological and physiological mechanisms associated with emotions and feelings. Goleman sees mankind in crisis and elucidates the need for educators to address the emotional mind.
Education, however, has been reluctant to apply neuroscientific findings regarding emotion. Although the importance of emotion has been acknowledged recently in some educational literature and discourse, its role remains limited and undertheorized. Discourse in the arena of emotions has been limited to the role of teacher emotions related to the politics of educational reform and to teacher-student interactions. Feminists have politicized emotions in their battle to overcome the binary notion of emotional versus intellectual rigor.
This study investigates links between emotional abuse
and emotional awareness. Predictions included a positive correlation between emotional abuse and alexithymia, and that few individuals reporting emotional abuse would self-label as having been abused. Eighty participants completed anonymous, self-report surveys with symptom and trauma inventories. Participants were asked if they were physically, sexually, or emotionally abused (using the word “abused”); these questions preceded symptom and maltreatment measures.
Victoria's Secret is a retail brand of lingerie and beauty products, owned and run by the Limited Brands company. Victoria’s Secret generates more than $4 billion in sales a year. It is the fastest growing subsidiary of Limited Brands and contributes 42% of corporate profits. More than 1000 Victoria's Secret retail stores are open in the United States. Products are also available through the catalogue and online business, Victoria's Secret Direct, with sales of approximately $870 million.
Victoria’s Secret was established by Roy Raymond in the San Francisco area during the 1970s. Raymond saw an opportunity in taking “underwear” of the time and turning it into fashion. Products stood apart from the traditional white cotton pieces, which department stores offered, with colors, patterns and style that gave them more allure and sexiness. They combined European elegance and luxury. Even the name Victoria’s Secret was meant to conjure up images of 19th-century England. The store went so far as to list a fake London address for the company headquarters. Like Starbucks, Victoria’s Secret markets self-indulgence at an affordable price. By 1982, Raymond had opened six stores and launched a modest catalog operation. He then sold Victoria’s Secret to Limited Brands, which took Victoria’s and sprinted away. Today, Victoria’s Secret enjoys nearly a monopoly position on the retail of intimate apparel in the US. The typical bra that once sold for $15 at Victoria’s Secret, when the company first opened and was worried about competition, now sells for just under $30.
