The condition for obesity or being overweight is described as an excessive accumulation of fat in the body or an increase in weight beyond that considered desirable with regard to age, height, and bone structure. An individual or child of more than normal weight is considered obese. Overweight is a more general term signifying excessive and burdensome weight.
Obesity is a common problem in our country and in the world today. Particularly it is associated with the United States, which enjoys a higher standard of living than many countries. This higher living standard directly affects the eating habits of people, and people in the United States tend to be overweight. Being overweight effects physical and mental health in adults and children (Miller-Keane 1.97.8). Many over-weight children tend to grow up to be overweight adults, thus carrying the significant physical and mental health problems associated with overweightedness with them into adulthood. At least 25% of all children are obese, and more than 80% of overweight children become overweight adults (Brownell, 1978). Too much weight, or too many pounds, are a strain on the body, and can eventually shorten one's life span. The over-weight child who does not control his weight and carries the condition with him into adulthood invites a number of unnecessary complications.
This paper examines the value to a firm from information spillovers arising from its publicly traded stock. “Information spillover” refers to the positive information externalities when different investor groups produce information about the firm. Specifically, information produced by investors in the stock market is noisily reflected in an observable stock price for the firm and this information can be used by other investors in the firm.
The notion of information spillover was explored in Grossman and Stiglitz (1980). They show that information produced by informed investors gets communicated to the uninformed through stock prices, although this is achieved imperfectly. Several papers have since modelled the impact of information spillovers from public stock markets in different contexts.
An important question faced by every voter on the Election Day is which of the parties is best equipped to foster the development of economy and capital markets. In the pursuit of their own political agenda, the winning party or coalition can fine-tune the fiscal policy and significantly impact on the future economic outcomes. Depending on their political orientation, the objectives of different camps can be quite disparate. As suggested by the partisan theory of Hibbs (1977), left-wing governments tend to cater for the well-being of their working class electorate by targeting unemployment. Right-wing governments, on the other hand, prioritize reduction in inflation so feared by the higher income and occupational status groups.
Several earlier papers focused specifically on the relationship between political orientation of the executive branch of the government and stock market performance. Johnson et al. (1999) and Santa-Clara and Valkanov (2003) report that U.S. stock market returns were higher under Democratic than Republican presidencies, with the difference being particularly large for small stock portfolios. This anomaly can not be explained away by variations in business cycle proxies. Huang (1985) and Hensel and Ziemba (1995) look at whether presidential trading strategies are able to improve investors’ risk-return trade-off.
