... would look a lot different without the influence of Nissan. Just a few iconic vehicles like the Z®, GT-R and Patrol have had ... Nissan Armada Nissan Cube Nissan Cube Cubic Nissan Elgrand Nissan Grand Livina Nissan GT-R Nissan Lafesta Nissan Livina ...
Story - acrobat - 09/02/2008 - 07:10 - 0 comments - 0 attachments
There is now broad firm level evidence suggesting that total factor productivity is contagious and prone to spillovers which are geographically bounded. Evidence from Europe include: Smarzynska Javorcik (2004), Görg, Hijzen, and Murakozy (2006), Ebersberger and Lööf (2005), and Lööf (2007), to mention a few. Evidence from the United States include: Keller and Yeaple (2003); Bloom, Schankerman, and van Reenen (2005), and Branstetter (2006), to mention a few. For South America, see Aitken and Harrison (1999), and for China, see Chen and Swenson (2006), Hale and Long (2006), and Blonigen and Ma (2007), to mention a few.
To help banks and others interested in meeting the financial services needs of low- and moderate-income households learn more about the financial behavior and preferences of low-income consumers, ShoreBank Advisory Services, a business of ShoreBank, with the support of the Fannie Mae Foundation, Ford Foundation, MacArthur Foundation and Annie E. Casey Foundation, conducted a large survey of households in low and moderate income neighborhoods of Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, and Chicago with two central questions in mind. First, what are the most important reasons why so many low- and moderate income households do not hold a checking or savings account? Second, to what extent do households with bank accounts also participate in the alternative financial sector, and in what ways are unbanked households connected to the mainstream financial sector?
The survey utilized a multistage stratified random sampling design in which census tracts were stratified by city, race/ethnicity, and income. Survey households were drawn from 63 low and moderate-income tracts, 21 tracts in each of the three cities. Approximately 500 households were surveyed in each city, for a total of 1,532 interviews About two-thirds of the interviews were conducted by telephone, and one-third in person. All respondents were offered the opportunity to complete the survey in Spanish, and 10% chose to do so. In each household, the survey was administered to the person identified as being responsible for most of the financial decisions. The overall response rate for the survey was 48%, with a higher response rate for in person interviews. The survey was conducted from August 2003 to January 2004.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the influence of the IFRS implementation on business management in Finnish Born Globals (BGs). The issue has not been covered in the existing literature in the context of BGs before. Effects of the IFRS’ voluntary adoption were found but they concentrated mainly on the external benefits gained by the companies (see e.g. Gassen & Sellhorn 2006; Covrig et al. 2007; Soderstrom & Sun 2007). One study (Ikäheimo et al. 2008) suggested that the benefits of adopting international accounting standards could exceed the costs in Finnish Born Globals. Still, no empirical research was made on the possible influences on the internal systems of the BGs. In answer to the research gap this study focused on the question of: How does IFRS contribute to Born Global companies’ development of business management,if at all?
The aim of this study was to understand whether international financial reporting standards benefit Born Global companies. The purpose was not to create an exclusive list of benefits and drawbacks of IFRS implementation in Finnish Born Global companies, but rather to present some benefits and drawbacks experienced when adopting the IFRS as the financial reporting system. The goal was to understand how the adoption of external reporting standards may influence internal processes, planning, and ways of action within an organization.
