Dengue fever is one of the most important arboviral infections of man and is responsible for more illness and deaths among humans than any other arboviral disease (WHO, 1997). More than 2.5 billion people live in areas where the disease is endemic, and this includes more than 100 countries in Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific are the most seriously affected areas (WHO, 1997).
The vector of the disease is different species of the Aedes mosquito—Aedes aegypti in the Caribbean. This is a tropical and subtropical species of mosquito usually found between latitudes 35°N and 35°S, an area that roughly corresponds to the winter isotherm of 10oC for January (or July in the Southern Hemisphere). Although the vector has been found as far as 45°N and 40°S, such invasions in the warm season have not survived the winters (Tabachnick and Powell, 1979). The influence of temperature on Aedes aegypti and on the transmission of dengue is manifested in several ways. Temperature affects the rate of larval development, adult survival, vector size, and efficiency (Wilson, 2001). In addition, temperature affects the extrinsic incubation period, which is the time needed for viral multiplication and invasion of the salivary glands of the mosquito. This must occur before the next infectious blood meal can take place (Wilson, 2001).