... return performance. To perform this analysis, we focus on listed banks and bank holding companies (BHCs). If multiple banks are part of the same listed BHC, their ...
Story - puput - 10/12/2010 - 07:49 - 0 comments - 0 attachments
It is no secret that a huge wealth gap exists in this country, and it is divided along color lines. African Americans earn only 62 cents for every dollar earned by whites, and Latinos earn only 70 cents. Even more disturbing is the divide in assets. African American families own less than seven cents for every dollar in wealth owned by white families, while Latino households own less than nine cents for every dollar of white wealth. These huge disparities in income and wealth are due to a historical legacy of racism, redlining and segregation. Unfortunately, the racial wealth gap is not closing. Indeed, the policies and practices of both the government and the business sector have widened that gap in the last decade.
One of the practices that has reinforced and exacerbated the racial wealth gap is credit scoring. Study after study has shown credit scoring disfavors African Americans and Latinos, and that these communities have lower credit scores as a group. Credit scoring’s disparate impact is alarming because this solitary number is being used in a growing number of economic transactions not just granting of credit, but utility service, apartment rentals and even employment decisions. Credit scores are also being used to decide whether to issue home or auto insurance and at what cost, which is the focus of this report.
The influence of external organizations and pressures on business risk management practices has hitherto been examined through the influence of state regulatory regimes on businesses. This literature concentrates on key socio-legal concerns about the influence of the law in social and economic life (Heimer 1996) which is an important source of information about business risk management practices. However most of this work does not clearly differentiate the importance of state regulatory regimes relative to other external pressures on business.
We know that the sources of regulation and risk management are diversifying, as are the tools and techniques employed to manage and regulate risks. What we do not have is much empirically informed research about the range of sources influencing the business world and in particular the weighting of influence exercised by them. In this paper we will explore the different external pressures upon business risk management through an empirical study of the management of food safety and food hygiene risks. A broader objective is to throw some further light onto the debate about regulation within and beyond the state.
To use the phone you must have service from a wireless service provider. Many of the features in this device depend on features in the wireless network to function. These Network Services may not be available on all networks or you may have to make specific arrangements with your service provider before you can utilize Network Services. Your service provider may need to give you additional instructions for their use and explain what charges will apply. Some networks may have limitations that affect howyou can use Network Services. For instance, some networks may not support all languagedependent characters and services.
