Between 2003 and 2006, the composition of the stock of outstanding residential mortgages in the United States changed in several important ways. The fraction of mortgages with variable payments relative to all mortgages increased from 15% to over 25% (see figure 1.) At the same time, the fraction of “subprime” mortgages (mortgages issued to borrowers perceived by lenders to be high-default risks) relative to all mortgages rose from 5% to nearly 15%. Recent work (see e.g. Gerardi et al., forthcoming, figure 3) has shown that many of these subprime loans are characterized by high loan-to-value (LTV) ratios and non-traditional amortization schedules.
This short e–book is broken up into four major sections that gradually take the reader from the largest perspective on nutrition down to the very specific. The first section takes two seemingly disparate viewpoints on nutrition and unifies them into a single theory people can use to make decisions regarding their approach to weight loss. This “unified theory” is the basis for my approach to nutrition, and should give people a solid understanding of the type of information they can expect from my e–books and articles.
Section Two is an overview of how people fail to achieve their fitness/health
related goals by over–thinking and getting too wrapped up in the details. This is what I refer to as “paralysis by analysis.” People often take overly complicated approaches to their fitness/health/fat loss related goals, get confused, get frustrated, throw their hands up in disgust, and give up. The “K.I.S.S.” philosophy will help to clear the confusion, and allow you to move forward with your health and fitness goals.
Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species that contain an unpaired electron. These radicals are unstable and are constantly “searching” to combine with another molecule to achieve a more stable configuration (McBride and Kraemer, 1999; Sen, 1995). When certain molecules are oxidized by free radicals their function is impaired. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key radicals in biological systems. They include the superoxide anion, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radical groups (Cooper, Vollaard, Choueiri, and Wilson, 2002; McBride and Kraemer, 1999; Sen, 1995). Hydrogen peroxide is not an oxygen radical; however, it is considered in the ROS family because of its ability to generate the hydroxyl radical (Clarkson and Thompson, 2000).
Metabolic stress during high intensity, moderate to long distance exercise (Cooper, et al., 2002) and mechanical stress such as repeated lengthening (eccentric) muscle contractions (i.e. downhill running) have been shown to result in the generation of ROS (Kendall and Eston, 2002; McBride and Kraemer, 1999).
