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Ebook When Mercury Fears Harm

The greatest risk to the health of Americans is not unsafe food, water or air, but the alarm being sounded about them. This is exemplified in the frightening scares about methylmercury (“mercury”) in fish which are becoming increasingly more exigent and sensationalized. While the fears exceed anything supportable by quality science, the resulting distress, anxiety and panic is sacrificing the health and well-being of Americans in untold ways. But the human toll is rarely enumerated.

Placing monetary or precise health costs on fears has a degree of imprecision, but the body of evidence suggesting significant harm to the public from fears, anxiety and stress is far more complete than from the hypothetical risks being alleged concerning mercury, for which there is no good scientific support. And when the toll of the proposed solutions is considered, it becomes readily apparent that these fears are being fueled with utter disregard for the safety, health and well-being of Americans.

Ebook Transparent Method Offloading for Slim Execution

Mobile devices increasingly pervade our life and become one of the necessities in our everyday life. Although recent mobile devices are more advanced than early versions, users and developers feel much more enhancements are still needed. Most of the users already have a good experience with their powerful, graphic rich desktop PCs. In comparison, all they can find in mobile devices are still primitive applications they once used in their PCs ten years ago. Worsening the situation, mobiles devices are only up a few hours due to the limitation in battery capacity.

PCs are now commodity products. You can find many PCs located in public places such as coffee shops, airports, hotels, and so on. In the near future, those PCs deployed in public will be a great leverage to the future of pervasive computing. In this paper, we propose transparent method offloading as one way to take advantage of PCs placed in public and overcome resource limitations in mobile devices. The principle of our approach is to execute the computationally heavy parts of applications on nearby powerful PC severs and the other parts on mobile devices. Existing work have similar approaches to ours. Applying application partitioning at class level, they can distribute heavy computations on servers, but they have to handle them at class granularity. In contrast, we can explicitly select heavy methods to offload instead of the whole class and all of its methods.

Ebook Menu Costs and Phillips Curves

This paper develops a model of a monetary economy in which firms must pay a fixed cost a “menu cost” in order to change nominal prices. Menu costs are interesting to macroeconomists because they are often cited as a microeconomic foundation for a form of “price stickiness” assumed in many New Keynesian models. Without sticky prices these models would not exhibit the real effects of monetary shocks Phillips curves that they are designed to analyze.

Under menu costs, any individual price will be constant most of the time and then occasionally jump to a new level. Thus the center of the model will be the firm’s pricing decision to reprice or not to do so. Many New Keynesian models do not examine this decision but instead rely on a simplifying assumption proposed by Calvo (1983) that the waiting time between repricing dates is selected at random from an exponential distribution: Firms choose the size of price changes but not their timing.

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