To examine how a low-carbohydrate diet affects cognitive performance, women participated in one of two weight-loss diet regimens. Participants self-selected a low- carbohydrate (n=9) or a reduced-calorie balanced diet similar to that recommended by the American Dietetic Association (ADA diet) (n=10). Seventy-two hours before beginning their diets and then forty-eight hours, one, two, and three weeks after starting, participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks assessing visuospatial memory, vigilance attention, memory span, a food-related paired-associates a food Stroop, and the Profile of Moods Scale (POMS) to assess subjective mood.
A nutritional space diet must be studied in order to design a space agriculture system that makes habitation on Mars possible. Masuda et al. (2005) examined in detail a menu for life support in a closed ecological system. Their design of various vegetarian menus and plan for culturing plants based on their food requirements provides a good example of a space menu. Silverstone (1993) described cooking of food materials harvested from agricultural ecology composed in a closed dome. Koike et al. (2005) summarized nutritional issues under isolated confinement.
Foods of animal origin are required for human diet as discussed in this article. Since space agriculture will be organized under constraints of its resource available at extraterrestrial environment, efficiency in the use of biomass energy should be optimized. We propose entomophagy, insect eating, for a core component of the space diet. During the archeological age of hunter-gatherers, insects were an important portion of the human diet. This is evidenced by ant, louse, grasshopper and many insect species found in fossil human feces, namely coprolite. Even after several species of animals and plants were domesticated, and stock raising and agriculture started, entomophagy remained a part of different food cultures all over the globe. We can see a diverged culture of entomophagy as an identity of each region.
Credit cards, home equity lines of credit, and revolving lines of credit are examples of revolving retail exposures, whereas mortgages, auto loans, and home equity loans are examples of term loans. There are many differences between revolving exposures and term loans for example, revolving exposures are open-ended, while the term loans are close-ended; borrowers pay interest only on funds drawn from the revolving credit; and a qualifying revolving exposure (QRE) is unsecured and unconditionally cancelable by the lender to the fullest extent permitted by federal law. In terms of repayment, the interest and principal payment of term loans are usually equal monthly installments over the life of the loan, whereas revolving credits allow the consumer to repay any amount at any time as long as the preestablished minimum monthly payment is met.
Revolving retail credit products offer convenience and financial flexibility that term loans lack. They can provide borrowers access to funds when deterioration in credit quality prevents them from borrowing through other credit channels. Agarwal, Ambrose, and Liu (2006) studied home equity line utilization at and after origination and found that borrowers with greater expectations of a decline in future credit quality originate credit lines to preserve financial flexibility. Furthermore, borrowers with higher FICO scores (a measure of credit risk) tend to have higher credit utilization at origination, consistent with the theoretical models predicting that borrowers with lower credit quality signals preserve flexibility by utilizing a lower amount of credit at origination relative to borrowers with higher credit quality signals. Agarwal and others (2006) also found that borrower credit line utilization increases in response to drops in borrower’s FICO scores, consistent with the theoretical “credit risk” prediction of Strahan (1999).
