The 2oo7 2oo9 crisis has shown that banking and financial structures can at times interact with macroeconomic conditions and policies (with monetary policy in particular) in ways that generate significant even disruptive systemic instability. In recent discussions two sources of risk have been identified: a prolonged expansionary monetary policy (see, eg, Taylor [45]) and a banking sector that relies heavily on credit risk transfer mechanisms, that weaken its commitment to monitor clients (as discussed, eg, by Rajan [41]). In the decade prior to the Great Turmoil both phenomena were in fact observed: central banks maintained exceptionally expansionary monetary conditions for several years, while securitization and credit risk transfer techniques expanded at an unprecedented scale.
Poor pain management in surgical settings is known to be associated with slower recovery, greater morbidity, longer lengths of stay, lower patient satisfaction, and higher costs of care, suggesting that optimal pain care in these settings is of utmost importance in promoting acute illness management, recovery, and adaptation. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines have been developed for the management of acute post-operative pain, although the basis for many of the recommendations was by expert consensus rather than empirical evidence.
The prevalence of pain on the inpatient medical ward is lower than that of a surgical service, but is still substantial. In one hospital survey, 43% of medical ward patients experienced pain, and 12% reported unbearable pain. There are currently no pain-relevant performance measures in place that can support efforts to enhance pain care in these settings, and research on pain management in nonsurgical, nonmalignant acute pain is sparse.
Everyone (not just people who have been fired or fear they are about to be) reinvents themselves personally and professionally at some time or other...deliberately or inadvertently, strategically or impetuously. In fact, the author argues that professional reinvention is not only a good defense, but a great offense, pointing out how reinvention can help you take charge of your life as well as accommodate new work world realities. To support and encourage professional reinvention, the author couches the value of being able to transform yourself professionally in the context that health education itself is a profession that is constantly reinventing itself.
