Prisons housing men have long been regarded as very dangerous places and a review of the literature reveals that inmate on inmate violence in men’s prisons is a wide-spread and well-documented phenomenon (see e.g., Robertson, 2003; Toch, 1998; Walters, 1998). Comparatively little is known about violence among inmates in female prisons because most of the research on violence in the prison setting has focused on males (see e.g., McCorkle, Miethe & Drass, 1995). Even when researchers consider incarcerated women’s experiences of violence they usually ignore issues of inmate on inmate violence and focus instead on past abuse suffered by incarcerated women or violence suffered by female inmates at the hands of male inmates and correctional officers (see e.g., Martin et al., 1995; Sable et al., 1999; Stein, 1996; Treacy, 1996).
A long lasting puzzle in international finance is the forward premium anomaly in currency markets. It refers to the well-documented empirical phenomenon [e.g. Hodrick (1987)] that the slope coefficient from the linear projection of the change in the exchange rate on the interest rate differential is significantly negative, implying that the domestic currency is expected to appreciate when domestic interest rates exceed the foreign interest rates. This is puzzling because economic intuition suggests that international investors would demand higher interest rates on currencies expected to fall in value as implied by the uncovered interest rate parity (henceforth UIP).
During the first ten years of labor market experience workers transition from high job turnover into stable employment and have rapid wage growth. About two-thirds of life-time job turnover and wage growth occurs during these early years (see Topel and Ward (1992)). Initial high turnover manifests itself in both high job finding and separation rates for young workers.
The mechanism where young workers transition from rapid turnover to stable employment is not well understood. Given the importance of early work experience, a theory is needed to explain labor market outcomes of young workers. A full understanding of these labor market transitions must account for the decline in both job finding and separation rates over the life cycle.
