The need for developing an awareness of the contribution of Native Americans to our global society has been felt by Native Americans and elementary educators for same time. Recently, many publications have tried to fill this need and indeed have made noteworthy contributions. However, it has been observed that few teachers are aware of, much less utilize, these specialized publications. Few teachers have time to research and collect historical, cultural, and sociological data necessary to present unbiased, unprejudiced, and unstereotyped Native American concepts to their students. The need for a compilation of materials was apparent. Therefore, a group of concerned educators, who felt the need to enrich the existing Native American materials available to their colleagues, spent two years researching and developing materials that would adequately meet this need.
Sympathetic earlier attempts by non-Indians have been fruitful but glaring in the absence of presenting information from a non-Indian perspective. To modify this criticism, this grant, "The People, A Native American Legacy", has engaged many Nevada Native Americans to design and authenticate the "Indianness" of all material. This book strongly emphasizes the humanities in exposing both teachers and students to content that will facilitate the development of attitudes and values conducive to the understanding of the Native American culture. Here is found a compilation of various materials from many sources accompanied by original works.
The federal government’s share of the US economy rose from 9% in 1927 to almost 30% in 2007, spawning numerous studies into the natures and causes of government growth. Niskanen (1971) introduces the idea of the self-interested bureaucrat who, using private information not shared by politicians, secures an inefficiently large budget. While Niskanen’s conclusions have been debated extensively in the literature, perhaps due to a lack of data, bureaucrats’ information advantages have been less so.
The goal of this analysis is to study the effect of information advantage on budget size by using newly available data on bureaucratic transparency as an inverse proxy for information advantage. By modeling transparency as a variable the bureaucrat can affect, this research incorporates imperfect information into the bureaucrat’s budget-maximizing behavioral model. The resulting model is examined to gain insights into the bureaucrat’s optimal behavior. Lastly, we use data on transparency and information relevance to test for the results that our theoretical model predicts.
Similar effects are often produced by widely differing processes. In the psychical world that quality which we call spirituality may be associated with and evoked by Theism, or the belief in a Divine Father; by Pantheism, as in the case of Spinoza, whose face at the very first glance impresses you with its spiritual cast; or even by the Buddhist belief in Nirvana. It may also be attained by following the precepts and striving after the ideals of Ethical Culture. For spirituality is not indissolubly associated with any one type of religion or philosophy;it is a quality of soul manifesting itself in a variety of activities and beliefs.
Before we proceed further, however, we must hazard a definition of the word. In the region of mental activity which is called the spiritual life vagueness is apt to prevail, the outlines of thought are apt to be blurred, the feelings aroused are apt to be indistinct and transitory. The word 'spiritual' becomes a synonym of muddy thought and misty emotionalism. If there were another word in the language to take its place, it would be well to use it. But there is not. We must use the word 'spiritual,' despite its associations and its abuse. We shall endeavor, however, to attach a distinct and definite meaning to the word. Mere definition, however, is too abstract and nakedly intellectual. Perhaps a description of some types of character, combined with definition, will be the better way.
