The Argentine banking system went through a period of major restructuring during the 1990s. After an unsuccessful prior experience with financial liberalization in the 1980s, Argentina began a process of strengthening and restructuring its banking system, which accompanied the introduction of a currency board in 1991. This process was characterized by the adoption of stricter regulatory standards, the privatization of several provincial banks, the facilitation of foreign entry into the domestic banking system, and the introduction of market-based approaches for bank discipline.
During the period 1992-1999, the structure of the banking system changed substantially. More than 90 institutions were closed, including 54 banks and 14 non-banks. The number of institutions in the system decreased from 212 in 1992 to 119 by mid-1999. There were also 18 privatizations, mainly of provincial banks (Calomiris and Powell, 2000). In addition, beginning in 1995, several foreign banks entered the domestic market, primarily through acquisitions of domestic institutions. As a result, by 1999, around half of the assets in the banking system were under foreign control. Foreign banks also had minority stakes in several other institutions. Privatization and foreign entry resulted in aggressive competition among financial institutions for market share.