PDF Ebook Migrant Female Entrepreneurship: Driving Forces, Motivation and Performance
The present paper investigates migrant female entrepreneurship on the basis of driving forces, motivation and performance of migrant women entrepreneurs. We review the factors that push migrant females towards entrepreneurship and that determine their entrepreneurial performance. In order to understand and test the determinant factors behind the motivation towards entrepreneurship as well as the economic and survival performance of migrant women entrepreneurs, this paper addresses in the empirical part Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam. The data and information used for evaluation are based on in-depth personal interviews. As a rather novel methodological contribution, a recently developed artificial intelligence method, i.e. rough set analysis, is deployed to assess and identify the most important factors in motivation and performance of migrant females.
The main feature of economic restructuring in the last decades has been a marked shift from employment in large firms to self-employment in small firms. This trend has been most pronounced among members of two different groups: immigrants and women. The increasing rate of business ownership among both immigrant groups and women has become one of the driving forces of the growth of national economies, in particular, in the US and in many countries in Europe (Barrett et al., 1996; Borjas, 1986 and 1990; Center for Women’s Business Research, 2004 and 2005; Cross, 1992; GEM, 2004; Gorter et al., 1998; Kloosterman et al., 1998; OECD 2001a, 2001b and 2006; Weeks 2001; Pearce, 2005). Actually, both ethnic and female participation in terms of self-employment and entrepreneurship are seen as powerful economic forces and contributors to a solution to structural labor market problems in many industrialized countries.
When we look at the position of women, some available data clearly shows the increasing trend in female self-employment over the years. In the 1990s between one-quarter and one-third of the formal sector businesses were owned and operated by women (in the U.S. 38% (1999), in Finland 34% (1990), in Australia (1994) and Canada (1996) 33%, in Korea 32% (1998) and in Mexico 30% (1997) (Weeks, 2001)), while in the 2000s the female share in total entrepreneurial activity has approached almost 50% in many countries. According to Verheul et al. (2004) who explain female and male entrepreneurship across 29 GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) countries, the share of women in total entrepreneurial activity is over 40% in many countries. On the basis of 2002 data, the female share in entrepreneurship is 44.3% in South Africa, 41.5% in Mexico, 41.2% in Brazil, 40.8% in Poland and Argentina, 39.4% in India, 38.8% in the US, 38.7% in Finland and 38.3% in the Netherlands.
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PDF Ebook Migrant Female Entrepreneurship: Driving Forces, Motivation and Performance
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