PDF Ebook Analysis of Engine Performance using Palm Oil Methyl Ester
Gasoline and diesel are considered as conventional fuel. Alternative fuel (AF) vehicle can be considered as any vehicle using non conventional fuel. In Malaysia, the research into AF has been carried out by many organizations such as PORIM and PETRONAS. One of the main AF studied is Palm Oil Methyl Esters (POME). This is because Malaysia has a large quantity of palm oil.
POMES produced by PORIM and PETRONAS have similar fuel properties as the petroleum diesel. Over the past few years, POME had been extensively tested as a diesel substitute in a wide range of cabs, buses, and trucks. In these studies, it was found that POMES could affect the performances of the engines.
One of the factors that can affect engine performance using POMES involves the fuel injection system. The penetration of the POME spray into the compressed charge of air depends upon the following factors; the length of the nozzle orifice, the diameter of the orifice outlet, the nature of the fuel and the pressure of the fuel. To understand the engine performance, the modelling of nozzle in the fuel injection system is critical. In this project, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) FLUENT software is used to investigate the flow behaviour of POME in the nozzle of fuel injector.
CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT
DISCLAMER
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
NOMENCLATURE
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Present Work
- 1.2.1 Project and Background Objective
1.2.2 Project Methodology
1.3 Outline of the report
CHAPTER 2
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction and Background of Palm Oil
- 2.1.1 Palm oil fuel research
2.1.2 Development of Biodiesel
2.1.3 Environmental ,Economic and Social consideration
2.2 Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME)
2.2.1 POME as an additive to CDF
2.3 CFD on Nozzle
- 2.3.1 General consideration of Nozzle
CHAPTER 3
Chemical and Physical Properties of fuel
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Production of POME
3.3 Chemical Properties of POME
3.4 Physical Properties of POME and CDF
3.5 Emission Characteristic of POME
CHAPTER 4
Engine Performance
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical Calculation and Matlab
- 4.2.1 Major Equations for Matlab Programme
- 4.2.1.1 Engine Performance Equation
4.2.1.2 Derivative of Pressure with respect to Crank Angle
4.2.1.3 Derivation of heat release rate
4.3 Engine Performance
- 4.3.1 Fuel’s Power Performance
4.4 Emission Gas
- 4.4.1 Carbon Monoxide
4.4.2 Oxygen
4.4.3 Nitrogen Oxides
4.4.4 Exhaust Gas Temperature
CHAPTER 5
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Application of CFD
5.3 Validation of CFD
5.4 Mesh Generation
5.5 Governing Equation
- 5.5.1 Continuity Equation
5.5.2 Momentum Equation
5.5.3 Energy Equation
5.5.4 Reynolds (Ensemble) Averaged Equation
5.6 Discretization Method
- 5.6.1 Upwinding
5.6.2 First Order Scheme
5.6.3 Sequential Discretization
5.5.4 Steady State Implicit
5.7 Phenomena Simulated
- 5.7.1 Turbulent flow
5.7.2 Incompressible
5.7.3 Inlet Boundaries
5.7.4 Outlet Boundaries
5.8 Computational Resources
5.9 Concluding Remarks
CHAPTER 6
Fuel Injector (Nozzle)
6.1 Fuel Injector System
- 6.1.1 Characteristic of fuel injector system
6.1.2 Main Function of Fuel Injection
6.2 Nozzle Design
- 6.2.1 Impact region extension
6.2.2 Cone angle
6.2.3 Flow Stabiliser and exit orifice
6.3 Design Consideration
6.4 Types of Design
6.5 Theoretical Calculation
6.6 Concluding Remarks
CHAPTER 7
Result and Discussion
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Engine Performance
7.3 Derivative of Pressure and Heat Net with respect to Crank Angle
7.4 Effects on nozzle
- 7.4.1 Effect of length of nozzle over exit orifice diameter (L/D)
7.4.2 Effect of POME Pressure
7.4.3 Flow Analysis
CHAPTER 8
Conclusion and Recommendation
REFERENCES
BIBLOGRAPHY
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
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PDF Ebook Analysis of Engine Performance using Palm Oil Methyl Ester
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