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Ebook Wheat Flour Fortification Program in Bangladesh

Submitted by wulan on Mon, 12/14/2009 - 06:57

Although food fortification has been going on successfully in industrialized countries for decades, the transfer of the technologies employed to developing countries has, typically, required testing of those technologies and often their modification, before they can be applied on a large scale.

In 1999, MOST, The USAID Micronutrient Program, initiated efforts to establish a trial program in Bangladesh to verify the applicability of known fortification technologies given the nature of the local food industry and market. After examining a number of fortification options to increase intake of vitamin A and iron among a targeted segment of the population, particularly women and children in rural areas, the fortification of wheat flour was judged to have the greatest potential.

In setting up the program, the following factors were taken into consideration:

  • Introduce flour fortification with vitamins and minerals in a careful and systematic manner.
  • Standardize the quality of premix and the amount required per batch through recording, testing and monitoring.
  • Ensure that facilities have the right mixers, feeders, and quality control equipment to meet regulations governing food additives.
  • Ensure that sanitary conditions are maintained according to international management practices.
  • Ensure that packaging, storage and distribution of products are done under conditions that maintain effective levels of fortificants at the end-user level.

In March 2000, USAID/Dhaka agreed to allow MOST the USAID Micronutrient Program to proceed with the development of the trial activity in collaboration with the Food for Education Programme (FEP). In September of that year, the initial conditions for using FEP to distribute fortified wheat flour were modified and an alternative distribution channel was identified. In discussions with the World Food Programme (WFP), it was agreed that the program could work in collaboration with the Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) Program. Among other things, the VGD program supplied low-income women with 30 kg of wheat per family, per month.

CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
Objectives of the Final Report
Program Achievements
Program Findings
Critical Dimensions of a Sustainable Wheat Flour Fortification Program
Next Steps
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

    1.1 Background and Objectives of the Trial Program
    1.2 Objectives of the Final Report

CHAPTER 2: PROGRAM ACHIEVEMENTS

    2.1 Organoleptic Test
    2.2 Acceptability and Utilization Survey Results
    2.3 Education and Promotion
    2.4 Cost Analysis
    2.5 Efficacy Study
    2.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

CHAPTER 3: THE WHEAT FLOUR MARKET AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE MILLING INDUSTRY

    3.1 Wheat and Wheat Flour in Bangladesh
    3.2 Milling and Milling Technology
      3.2.1 Mills
      3.2.2 Milling Technology

    3.3 The Flour Market

      3.3.1 General Characteristics
      3.3.2 Market Size
      3.3.3 Prices
      3.3.4 Advertising

CHAPTER 4: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION PROGRAM

    4.1 Sustainability of the Current Program
    4.2 Selecting a Suitable Manufacturing Method
    4.3 Choosing between a Mandatory and a Voluntary Program
    4.4 Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Monitoring
    4.5 Packaging and Labeling
    4.6 Partnership with the Private Sector
    4.7 Consumer Participation
    4.8 Regulatory Issues

CHAPTER 5. BEYOND THE PILOT ACTIVITY: PROMOTING A NATIONWIDE WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION PROGRAM

    5.1 Progress to Date
    5.2 Next Steps
      5.2.1 Developing Manufacturing Standards
      5.2.2 Establishing and Maintaining Fortification Capability
      5.2.3 Developing Adequate Quality Control and Quality Assurance
      5.2.4 Enforcement
      5.2.5 Program Monitoring and Evaluation
      5.2.6 Developing a Public-Education Campaign

APPENDICES

    APPENDIX A: LIST OF STUDIES, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TRIP REPORTS PREPARED UNDER THE PILOT PROGRAM
    APPENDIX B: RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED TRIAL OF WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFIED WITH VITAMIN A AND IRON IN IMPROVING VITAMIN A AND IRON STATUS IN HEALTHY, SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN IN RURAL BANGLADESH
    APPENDIX C: ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF FORTIFIED ATTA DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE PILOT PROJECT FOR ATTA FORTIFICATION - PART I
    APPENDIX D: ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF FORTIFIED ATTA DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE PILOT PROJECT FOR ATTA FORTIFICATION - PART II

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