FSANZ last investigated regulatory measures regarding Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) in Australia and New Zealand in the late 1990s. FSANZ has reviewed the status of TFA in the Australia and New Zealand food supply and international regulations of TFA for the following reasons:

• there is new evidence concerning the potential health effects of TFA;
• countries outside Australia and New Zealand have introduced new regulatory measures governing TFA in the food supply;
• current Australian and New Zealand TFA intakes are not well understood and the risks they may pose are uncertain;
• it is some time since TFA levels were evaluated in the Australian and New Zealand food supply;
• there may have been considerable changes in TFA content of foods, and food consumption itself may have undergone some change.

FSANZ may review a food regulatory measure on its own initiative and in such a manner it considers appropriate. After the review, FSANZ may then prepare a proposal for the development of a new food regulatory measure, if this is deemed appropriate. Alternatively, FSANZ may recommend non-regulatory risk management options, or recommend maintaining the status quo.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE ISSUE
3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Estimation of dietary intake
3.2 Risk assessment
3.3 Consumer research
3.4 Industry research

4. TRANS FATTY ACID: DEFINITION, CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

4.1 Chemistry: a short introduction
4.3 Purpose of hydrogenation of edible oils
4.4 Sources
4.5 Regulatory definition of trans fatty acids

5. ESTIMATION OF DIETARY INTAKE OF TFA FOR THE AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
POPULATIONS

5.1 Estimated dietary intakes of TFA for the Australian population
5.2 Estimated dietary intakes of TFA for the New Zealand population
5.3 TFA intakes that from ‘naturally occurring’ versus ‘manufactured’ sources
5.4 Contribution of Take Away foods to TFA intake
5.5 Contribution of foods that display a label to TFA intake
5.6 Changes in food consumption patterns since the 1995 Australian National
Nutrition Survey
5.7 Estimated TFA intakes compared to established reference values
5.8 Estimated TFA intakes compared to the World Health Organisation set nutrient goals

6. COMPARISON OF TFA INTAKES FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND WITH INTERNATIONAL ESTIMATES
TABLE 1 PERCENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING TFA AND MANUFACTURED TFA FOR DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS.
7. RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 TFA intake and health outcomes
7.2 Scientific reasons for regulatory action in Denmark, USA and Canada
7.3 Health effects of ruminant compared to manufactured TFA
7.4 Health effects of TFA compared to saturated fatty acids
7.5 Potential for reducing TFA intakes in Australia and New Zealand
7.6 Estimates of CHD risk reduction at levels found in the New Zealand and Australian food supply

8. REVIEW OF CONSUMER RESEARCH

8.1 Review of consumer research
8.2 Key findings

9. CURRENT APPROACHES TO RISK MANAGEMENT

9.1 Risk management in Australia and New Zealand: Regulatory measures
9.2 FSANZ label monitoring
9.3 Risk reduction measures
9.4 Current international risk management strategies

10. NEW APPROACHES TO RISK MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

10.1 Approaches and options
10.2 Stakeholders that may be affected by changes to the regulatory approach to TFA

11. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ACTIONS

11.1 Summary of findings
11.2 Conclusion
11.3 Future Actions

12. REFERENCES
APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Chemistry and Technology
Appendix 2 Dietary Intake Assessment
Appendix 3 Risk Analysis

Download
PDF Ebook Trans Fatty Acids In The New Zealand And Australian Food Supply