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School-based programs can play an important role in promoting lifelong healthy eating. Because dietary factors “contribute substantially to the burden of preventable illness and premature death in the United States,” the national health promotion and disease prevention objectives encourage schools to provide nutrition education from preschool through 12th grade. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Nutrition Education and Training (NET) Program urges “nutrition education [to] be a major educational component of all child nutrition programs and offered in all schools, child care facilities, and summer sites” by the year 2000. Because diet influences the potential for learning as well as health, an objective of the first national education goal is that children “receive the nutrition and health care needed to arrive at school with healthy minds and bodies”.

The recommendations in this report are intended to help personnel and policymakers at the school, district, state, and national levels meet the national health objectives and education goals by implementing school-based nutrition education policies and programs. This report may also be useful to students, to parents, and to personnel in local and state health departments, community-based health and nutrition programs, pediatric clinics, and training institutions for teachers and public health professionals. These recommendations complement CDC guidelines for school health programs to prevent the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), to prevent tobacco use and addiction, and to promote physical activity.

In this report, nutrition education refers to a broad range of activities that promote healthy eating behaviors. The nutrition education guidelines focus largely on classroom instruction, but they are relevant to all components of a comprehensive school health program—health education; a healthy environment; health services; counseling, psychological, and social services; integrated school and community efforts; physical education; nutrition services; and school-based health promotion for faculty and staff. Although the meals served by school food service programs are an important part of a school health program, this report does not provide specific recommendations related to purchasing and preparing food for school meals. Detailed information on this topic is available from many other publications and information sources (see Appendix A). These guidelines also do not address the specific nutrition education and counseling needs of pregnant adolescents or young persons with special needs.

These guidelines are based on a synthesis of research, theory, and current practice and are consistent with the principles of the national health education standards, the opportunity-to-learn standards for health education, the position papers of leading voluntary organizations involved in child nutrition, and the national action plan to improve the American diet. To develop these guidelines, CDC convened meetings of experts in nutrition education, reviewed published research, considered the recommendations of national policy documents, and consulted with experts from national, federal, and voluntary organizations.

Contents

Introduction

Effects of Diet on the Health, Growth, and Intellectual Development of Young Persons
Effects of Childhood Eating Patterns on Chronic Disease Risks of Adults
Guidelines for Healthy Eating
Eating Behaviors of Children and Adolescents in the United States
The Need for School-Based Nutrition Education
Promoting Healthy Eating Through a Comprehensive School Health Program
Recommendations for School Health Programs Promoting Healthy Eating

Conclusion
References
Appendix A: Nutrition Education Resource List
Appendix B: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and School Health Policies and Programs Study
Appendix C: Selected School-based Strategies to Promote Healthy Eating

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