Ebook Computational Model For Heat Transfer In The Human Eye Using The Finite Element Method
Temperature has a profound effect on the eye. The ocular surface has to cope physiologically with the imposed thermal stress of an environment that may change by more than 60 C? which could dramatically affect cellular mechanisms. For example the thickness of the cornea is dependent on the endothelial cells which line the back side of that tissue and the enzyme systems within these cells that control the corneal thickness of the cornea are very temperature dependent, blood flow, which responds to temperature, may be affected adversely in these widely varying conditions.
However, temperature monitoring of the interior of the human eye in vivo is not possible, and the engineering models that have been developed have not included the tissue material properties or interfacial behavior between different adjacent tissue that would allow predictions of the heat flow to be made with needed accuracy (Enrique, 2002; Sluzalec Jr., 1985; Scott, 1988; Lagendijk, 1982; Horven 1975;Fujishima 1996; Mapstone1, Mapstone2 and Mapstone3, 1968; Beuerman, 1978).
To develop the level of understanding to arrive at a predictive description of heat flow in the human eye, the following studies were carried out: a- Each tissue or fluid compartment of the eye was represented by its appropriate thermal parameters; b-Realistic boundary conditions were set up which considered the cornea and the immediate surrounding tissue as well as the interface thermal conditions between adjacent tissue; c-Realistic environmental situations with the temperature extremes that are encountered by humans in different environments were included; d- A tight mesh model that revealed local temperatures changes in the various tissue and fluid compartments of the eye were used.
Temperature changes can affect tissues in several ways; it can kill cells, denature proteins causing a loss of function, temperature can slow down or speed up metabolism of cells and be involved in pathological changes of the eye (Zeiss, 1930; Huber, 1960; Gros, Bronner, and Vrousos, 1967). Pain is apparently one sensation that is due to temperature changes in the cornea but the temperature changes witin the tissue have not been well understood and this study may lead to an understanding of studies in this area pain in the cornea (Lagendijk, 1982; Beuerman and Tanelian, 1979). This would be valuable, as it will develop a better understanding of how pain from sensory nerves develops in all surface epithelia tissue.
Contests
Acknowledgments
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Objectives
Chapter 2. Human Eye
- 2.1 Structure of The Eye
- 2.2.1 Cornea
- 2.2.1.1 The layers of the Cornea
2.2.2 Sclera
2.2.3 Iris
2.2.4 Lens
2.2.5 Pupil
2.2.6 Ciliary Body
2.2.7 Retina
2.2.8 Aqueous Humour
2.2.9 Vitreous Humour
Chapter 3. Theoretical Formulation
- 3.1 Introduction
3.2 Heat Transfer
- 3.2.1 Introduction to The Heat Transfer
3.2.2 Energy Balance
3.2.3 Conduction
3.2.4 Convection
3.2.5 Radiation
3.2.6 Boundary Conditions
Chapter 4. Analysis of the Human Eye Model
- 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Creating the Model For the Human Eye
- 4.2.1 Boundary Conditions for the Eye Model and Meshing of the Eye Model
Chapter 5. Results and Conclusion
References
Vita
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