Ebook The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in North Dakota
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in North Dakota and the United States. In North Dakota, CVD alone accounts for more deaths than deaths from cancer, diabetes, suicide and Alzheimer’s disease, combined.
The cost of cardiovascular diseases in the United States in 2006 was estimated to be $403.1 billion.Based on this figure, the estimated cost (including both direct and indirect costs) in North Dakota in 2006 was $920 million. Direct costs include the cost of physicians and other professionals, hospital and nursing home services, the cost of medications, home health care, and other medical durables. Indirect costs include lost productivity that results from illness and death.
These are only economic costs; it is not possible to count the costs of CVD to North Dakotans in terms of human suffering and lives lost. People who lose their lives to these diseases leave behind family, friends and employers who struggle to carry on in the absence of loved ones and coworkers. Survivors of heart disease and stroke suffer pain and disability, along with the challenges of learning to live with a reality forever altered. Among adults 45 and older, nearly 20 percent have been told by a health professional that they have had a heart attack, 18.6 percent have angina or coronary heart disease, and 8.7 percent have experienced a stroke.
These diseases persist even though they are largely preventable. The major risk factors for cardiovascular disease are primarily lifestyle related, such as smoking, physical activity, nutrition and weight status (overweight or obese). In addition, the presence of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and/or diabetes are key risk factors for future cardiovascular disease problems. The North Dakota Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program is working to reduce disease, disability and death related to heart disease, stroke and related risk factors through education, policy, systems and environmental changes and by facilitating healthy choices in day-to-day living at home, at work, in schools and within communities.
Before effective measures can be put in place to address the issues of cardiovascular disease, it is important to appreciate the magnitude of the diseases and their risk factors among the North Dakota population. This report presents statistics on cardiovascular disease prevalence, hospitalizations, mortality and risk factors among the citizens of North Dakota, including statistics specific to identified vulnerable populations.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Key Findings
List of Figures
Introduction
North Dakota Demographics
Mortality
- Leading Causes of Death in North Dakota
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Years of Potential Life Lost
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
- Eating Fruits and Vegetables
Physical Activity
Overweight and Obesity
Tobacco Use
High Cholesterol
High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in North Dakota’s Youth
- Tobacco Use
Physical Activity
Eating Fruits and Vegetables
Overweight and Obesity
Trends
Knowledge of Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attack and Stroke
- Heart Attack
Stroke
Knowledge of Heart Attack and Stroke Signs and Symptoms
Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease
- Urban, Rural and Frontier
Diabetes
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Stroke Rehabilitation
Use of Aspirin
Factors That Prevent Aspirin Use
Hospitalizations
- Medicare Recipients
Medicare Hospital Discharges by County
Access to Care
- Location of Providers
Emergency Medical Services
Medically Underserved Areas and Medically Underserved Populations
Hospitals
Health Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease
- Minority Health
American Indian
Conclusions and Summary
Appendices
- Appendix A: North Dakota Counties
Appendix B: North Dakota Census 2000 Fact Sheet
Appendix C: Race Composition by County, 2000 US Census
Appendix D: American Indian Percent of Population by County
Appendix E: North Dakota Ambulance Services by County and City
Appendix F: Data Sources
Appendix G: Glossary
References
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