Ebook Risk assessment models for establishment of exotic vertebrates in Australia and New Zealand
This report brings together reviews and models taken from previous reports prepared for the Vertebrate Pests Committee on exotic birds and mammals introduced to Australia (Bomford 2003) and the then Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage (Bomford 2006), including models on exotic freshwater fish introduced to Australia (Bomford and Glover 2004) and exotic reptiles and amphibians (Bomford et al 2005). This report builds on this earlier work and also includes new models developed for exotic mammals and birds introduced to New Zealand and for reptiles and amphibians and freshwater fish introduced to Australia.
Since the earlier models were produced, there have been some changes to the species records. For example, two species of exotic freshwater fish the pearl cichlid and the rosy barb that were listed as having failed to establish in Australia by Bomford and Glover (2004) have now established in Australia. Also, the exotic reptile and amphibian database prepared by Kraus (in press) now contains introduction records for many more species than the earlier version used by Bomford et al (2005).
The previously released models presented in Sections 2.5, 3.4, 3.5 and 4.3 of this report have not been altered to take account of these changes to the species records, because these models have already been used to assess many species. The new models presented in Sections 2.6, 3.6 and 4.4 of this report are based on the more recent species lists used by Bomford et al (2008 and unpublished data). It is desirable for all these risk assessment models to be published together in one volume for easy reference. Each set of models uses different approaches, and both sets should be used for future risk assessments.
The reviews of factors affecting establishment success and pest status for exotic reptiles and amphibians (Sections 3.2 and 3.7) and exotic freshwater fish (Sections 4.1 and 4.5) in this report have largely been taken from the previously released reviews for these taxa (Bomford and Glover 2004, Bomford et al 2005) with the inclusion of some more recent literature.
Contents
Foreword
Summary
Risk of establishment
Risk of adverse impact
Glossary
1. Introduction
- 1.1 Establishment
1.2 Impacts of exotic vertebrates
- 1.2.1 Types of impact
1.2.2 Demonstrating impact
1.3 Assessing risk
2. Exotic mammals and birds
- 2.1 Factors affecting the establishment success of exotic birds
2.2 Factors affecting the establishment success of exotic mammals
2.3 Risk assessment for the establishment of exotic mammals and birds introduced to Australia
2.4 Risk assessment for the establishment of exotic mammals and birds
introduced to New Zealand
2.5 Instructions for using the Australian Bird and Mammal Models
2.6 Instructions for using the New Zealand Bird and Mammal Models
2.7 Factors affecting the pest status of exotic mammals and birds
3. Exotic reptiles and amphibians
- 3.1 Introduction and release
- 3.1.1 Reasons for introductions
3.1.2 Reasons for release
3.1.3 Reasons for intentional or assisted spread
3.1.4 Control and eradication
3.2 Factors affecting the establishment success of exotic reptiles and amphibians
- 3.2.1 Key factors affecting establishment success
3.2.2 Other factors potentially affecting establishment success
3.3 Risk assessment for establishment of exotic reptiles and amphibians
introduced to Australia
3.4 Instructions for using the Australian Reptile and Amphibian Model
3.5 Instructions for using the Bird and Mammal Model for reptiles and amphibians
3.6 Instructions for using Bomford et al’s (2008) Reptile and Amphibian Model to rank establishment risk for exotic reptiles and amphibians introduced to Australia
3.7 Factors affecting assessments of the pest status of introduced reptiles
and amphibians
- 3.7.1 Evidence reliability and impacts caused by confounding factors
3.7.2 Sleepers, adaptation and niche changes
3.8 Adverse impacts and their significance for assessing pest status
- 3.8.1 Competition for resources
3.8.2 Predation
3.8.3 Habitat and ecological community impacts
3.8.4 Potential to cause injuries
3.8.5 Role as disease carriers and reservoirs
3.8.6 Hybridisation with native species and other genetic changes
3.8.7 Social and economic impacts
3.8.8 Other factors
3.9 Discussion of factors affecting pest status for introduced reptiles and amphibians
4. Freshwater fish
- 4.1 Factors affecting the establishment success of exotic freshwater fish
- 4.1.1 Key factors affecting establishment success
4.1.2 Other factors potentially affecting establishment success
4.2 Risk assessment for the establishment of exotic freshwater fish introduced
to Australia
4.3 Instructions for using Exotic Freshwater Fish Model 1
4.4 Instructions for using Exotic Freshwater Fish Model 2 to rank establishment
risk for fish introduced to Australia
4.5 Factors affecting assessment of pest status of introduced freshwater fish
- 4.5.1 Reliability of evidence
4.5.2 State of knowledge on impacts
4.5.3 Types of environmental impact and their significance for impact
risk assessment
4.5.4 Other factors having potential value for assessing the risk of
impacts by introduced exotic fish
4.6 Discussion of factors affecting pest status for introduced freshwater fish
Acknowledgements
References
- Appendix A: Scores for birds and mammals introduced to Australia
Appendix B: Scores for birds and mammals introduced to New Zealand
Appendix C: Scores for reptiles and amphibians introduced to Australia, Britain, California and Florida
Appendix D: Freshwater fish scores
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